ditch `echo` for `printf` & redirect error messages to standard output stream

src/check-commit

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 # Check if we are in a git repo
 if ! git status >/dev/null; then
-    echo "Not a git repo... exiting"
+    printf "%s\n" "Not a git repo... exiting" >> /dev/stderr
     exit 1
 fi
 
@@ -46,19 +46,20 @@ fi
 # This will likely exit firh error, because repoman
 # has to download some files (metadata.xsd)
 # We do that so we can truthfully test the actual latest commit
-echo ">>> Starting full test"
+printf "%s\n" \
-echo "Running repoman -Idix"
+    ">>> Starting full test" \
+    "Running repoman -Idix"
 repoman -Idix
-echo "Running pkgcheck scan"
+printf "%s\n" "Running pkgcheck scan"
 pkgcheck scan
 
 
-echo ">>> Starting latest commit test"
+printf "%s\n" ">>> Starting latest commit test"
 
 test_success=true
 
 # Use pkgchek
-echo "Running pkgcheck scan --commits"
+printf "%s\n" "Running pkgcheck scan --commits"
 pkgcheck scan --commits || test_success=false
 
 # Iterate through changed files in last commit
@@ -78,9 +79,9 @@ do
 
     if cd "${commit_dir}"
     then
-        echo
+        printf "\n%s\n" \
-        echo "Directory $(pwd):"
+            "Directory $(pwd):" \
-        echo "Running repoman -Idix"
+            "Running repoman -Idix"
         repoman -Idix || test_success=false
         cd - >/dev/null || return
     fi
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ done
 # If any of the QA tools fail the test will fail
 if [ ${test_success} = false ]
 then
-    echo ">>> Exiting with failure due to previous errors..."
+    printf "%s\n" ">>> Exiting with failure due to previous errors..." >> /dev/stderr
     exit 1
 else
     exit 0

src/check-duplicates

@@ -69,8 +69,12 @@ do
         done
 
         # Output info with colors.
-        echo -e "\e[1;33m${PACKAGE}\e[0m"
+        purple=$'\e[1;35m'
-        echo -e "  \e[1;35mPortage:\e[0m${PORTPACK_VERS}"
+        esc=$'\e[0m'
-        echo -e "  \e[1;35mOverlay:\e[0m${OVERPACK_VERS}"
+
+        printf "%s\n" \
+            "${purple}${PACKAGE}${esc}" \
+            "  ${purple}Portage:${esc}${PORTPACK_VERS}" \
+            "  ${purple}Overlay:${esc}${OVERPACK_VERS}"
     fi
 done

src/check-redundant

@@ -46,11 +46,12 @@ reset="$(tput sgr0)"
 
 
 ok_msg() {
-   echo "${bold}${green}* ${white}${1}${reset}"
+   printf "%s\n" "${bold}${green}* ${white}${1}${reset}"
 }
 
 err_msg() {
-    echo "${bold}${red}* ${white}${1}${reset}"
+    # redirect error messages to standard error stream
+    printf "%s\n" "${bold}${red}* ${white}${1}${reset}" >> /dev/stderr
 }
 
 usage() {
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ do
     if [ "${known_unique#*${pkg}}" = "${known_unique}" ]
     then
         nnuniq=$((nnuniq + 1))
-        echo
+        printf "\n"
         ok_msg "Package ${nnuniq} ${pkg}:"
         use_eix --exact --force-color "${pkg}"
     fi

src/clean-md5-cache

@@ -36,5 +36,5 @@ then
         su root -c "rm -fr ${cache}" || exit 1
     fi
 else
-    echo "No pre-generated md5-cache found in ${cache}"
+    printf "%s\n" "No pre-generated md5-cache found in ${cache}" >> /dev/stderr
 fi

src/commit-ebuild

@@ -34,8 +34,9 @@ package="${package_directory%/}"
 
 
 error_no_version() {
-    echo "[ERROR]: No version given"
+    printf "%s\n" \
-    echo "         Ran with option: ${1}"
+        "[ERROR]: No version given" \
+        "         Ran with option: ${1}" >> /dev/stderr
     exit 1
 }
 
@@ -45,11 +46,11 @@ git add .
 case "${1}"
 in
     "" )
-        echo "[DEBUG]: no additional arguments/options given"
+        printf "%s\n" "[DEBUG]: no additional arguments/options given" >> /dev/stderr
         repoman commit
         ;;
     -b | --bump )
-        echo "[DEBUG]: to be: ${package}: bump to ${2}"
+        printf "%s\n" "[DEBUG]: to be: ${package}: bump to ${2}"
         if [ -n "${2}" ]
         then
             repoman commit -m "${package}: bump to ${2}"
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ in
         fi
         ;;
     -d | --drop )
-        echo "[DEBUG]: to be: ${package}: drop old ${2}"
+        printf "%s\n" "[DEBUG]: to be: ${package}: drop old ${2}"
         if [ -n "${2}" ]
         then
             repoman commit -m "${package}: drop old ${2}"
@@ -67,11 +68,11 @@ in
         fi
         ;;
     -* )
-        echo "[ERROR]: Unknown option ${1}"
+        printf "%s\n" "[ERROR]: Unknown option ${1}" >> /dev/stderr
         exit 1
         ;;
     * )
-        echo "[DEBUG]: to be: ${package}: ${*}"
+        printf "%s\n" "[DEBUG]: to be: ${package}: ${*}"
         repoman commit -m "${package}: ${*}"
         ;;
 esac

src/eball

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ do
     # we want this to be privileged on Gentoo systems
     if [ "$(whoami)" != root ] && [ -z "${EPREFIX}" ]
     then
-        echo "Switching to the root account"
+        printf "%s\n" "Switching to the root account"
         su root -c "ebuild ${ebuild} clean test merge"
     else
         ebuild "${ebuild}" clean test merge

src/eprefix-activate

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ eprefix_addpath() {
         PATH=${1}:${PATH}
         export PATH
     else
-        echo "${eprefix_warn} ${1} not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "${eprefix_warn} ${1} not found" >> /dev/stderr
     fi
 }
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ eprefix_addman() {
         MANPATH=${1}:${MANPATH}
         export MANPATH
     else
-        echo "${eprefix_warn} ${1} not found"
+        printf "%s\n" "${eprefix_warn} ${1} not found" >> /dev/stderr
     fi
 }
 
@@ -95,9 +95,10 @@ case ${-} in
         :
         ;;
     * )
-        echo "${eprefix_bad} Error: not a login shell"
+        printf "%s\n" \
-        echo "${eprefix_bad} Run: source ${0}"
+            "${eprefix_bad} Error: not a login shell" \
-        echo ">>> Exiting the shell"
+            "${eprefix_bad} Run: source ${0}" \
+            ">>> Exiting the shell" >> /dev/stderr
         exit 1
         ;;
 esac
@@ -105,8 +106,9 @@ esac
 # Exit if eprefix does not exist
 if [ ! -d "${EPREFIX}" ]
 then
-    echo "${eprefix_bad} No ${EPREFIX} found!"
+    printf "%s\n" \
-    echo ">>> Exiting the shell"
+        "${eprefix_bad} No ${EPREFIX} found!" \
+        ">>> Exiting the shell" >> /dev/stderr
     sleep 3
     exit 1
 fi
@@ -178,44 +180,42 @@ FEATURES="${FEATURES} -usersandbox -sandbox"
 export FEATURES
 
 # Check if we are on a prefix profile
-echo ""
+printf "\n"
 if command_exists eselect
 then
     eprofile="$(eselect profile show)"
 
     if [[ "${eprofile}" == *prefix* ]]
     then
-        echo "${eprefix_good} ${eprofile}"
+        printf "%s\n" "${eprefix_good} ${eprofile}"
     else
-        echo "${eprefix_bad} You are not on a prefix profile"
+        printf "%s\n" "${eprefix_bad} You are not on a prefix profile" >> /dev/stderr
     fi
 
     unset eprofile
 else
-    echo "${eprefix_bad} Could not determine running profile"
+    printf "%s\n" "${eprefix_bad} Could not determine running profile" >> /dev/stderr
 fi
 
 
 # >>> Finish
 
-echo ""
+printf "\n%s\n" \
-echo ">>> Sourced the eprefix script"
+    ">>> Sourced the eprefix script\n" \
-echo ""
+    "${eprefix_good} Prefix:    ${EPREFIX}" \
-echo "${eprefix_good} Prefix:    ${EPREFIX}"
+    "${eprefix_good} Packages:  $(eprefix_packages)" \
-echo "${eprefix_good} Packages:  $(eprefix_packages)"
+    "${eprefix_good} In World:  $(eprefix_world)" \
-echo "${eprefix_good} In World:  $(eprefix_world)"
+    "${eprefix_good} Have fun!  ;-)"
-echo "${eprefix_good} Have fun!  ;-)"
 
 
 if command_exists emerge
 then
-    echo ""
+    printf "\n%s\n" ">>> Environment ready"
-    echo ">>> Environment ready"
 else
-    echo ""
+    printf "\n%s\n" \
-    echo "${eprefix_bad} Could not locate emerge"
+        "${eprefix_bad} Could not locate emerge" \
-    echo "${eprefix_bad} Environment may be broken"
+        "${eprefix_bad} Environment may be broken" \
-    echo ">>> Continuing anyway..."
+        ">>> Continuing anyway..." >> /dev/stderr
 fi
 
 

src/euscan-log

@@ -31,9 +31,10 @@ export PATH
 
 if [ -z "${1}" ]
 then
-    echo "No overlay names given"
+    printf "%s\n" \
-    echo "Please give at least one overlay name as a commandline argument"
+        "No overlay names given" \
-    echo "Exiting"
+        "Please give at least one overlay name as a commandline argument" \
+        "Exiting" >> /dev/stderr
     exit 1
 fi
 
@@ -43,5 +44,5 @@ do
     do 
         euscan --nocolor --quiet "${ebuild}" | tee -a "euscan-${overlay}.log"
     done
-    echo ">>> Done scanning ${overlay}"
+    printf "%s\n" ">>> Done scanning ${overlay}"
 done

src/euscan-parallel

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 function scanning(){
     EUSCAN=$(euscan --nocolor --quiet "$1")
     if [ -n "$EUSCAN" ]; then
-        echo "=============== NOW: $(find ./* -mindepth 2 -maxdepth 2  -name ''"$1"'*.ebuild' | tail -1) =================
+        printf "%s\n" "=============== NOW: $(find ./* -mindepth 2 -maxdepth 2  -name ''"$1"'*.ebuild' | tail -1) =================
-        $(echo -e "$EUSCAN" | tail -1)"
+        $(printf "%s\n" "$EUSCAN" | tail -1)"
     fi
 }
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ function folder(){
 
     for FILE in */*
     do
-        PACKAGE=$(echo "$FILE" | grep -Eo '[A-z0-9_-]+$')
+        PACKAGE=$(printf "%s\n" "$FILE" | grep -Eo '[A-z0-9_-]+$')
         PACKAGES+=("$PACKAGE")
     done
 
@@ -47,14 +47,15 @@ function folder(){
         wait "$j"
     done
 
-    echo -n ">>> Done scanning $1"
+    printf "%s\n" ">>> Done scanning $1"
 }
 
 function nofolder(){
     if [ -z "${1}" ]; then
-        echo "No overlay names given"
+        printf "%s\n" \
-        echo "Please give at least one overlay name as a commandline argument"
+            "No overlay names given" \
-        echo "Exiting"
+            "Please give at least one overlay name as a commandline argument" \
+            "Exiting" >> /dev/stderr
         exit 1
     fi
 
@@ -70,23 +71,23 @@ do
         wait "$j"
     done
 
-    echo -n ">>> Done scanning ${overlay}"
+    printf "%s\n" ">>> Done scanning ${overlay}"
 done
 }
 
 function help(){
-    echo "You can use:"
+    printf "%s\n" \
-    echo "*   -r or --repo <HERE-REPO-NAME>"
+    "You can use:" \
-    echo "*   -f or --folder <FOLDER-NAME>"
+    "*   -r or --repo <HERE-REPO-NAME>" \
-    echo
+    "*   -f or --folder <FOLDER-NAME>\n" \
-    echo "Example of usage"
+    "Example of usage" \
-    echo "./euscan-parallel -r src_prepare-overlay"
+    "./euscan-parallel -r src_prepare-overlay" \
-    echo "./euscan-parallel -f ~/git/src_prepare-overlay"
+    "./euscan-parallel -f ~/git/src_prepare-overlay"
 }
 
 function main(){
-    [ "$(whereis eix | wc -w)" -le "1" ] && { echo "The eix is NOT installed"; exit; }
+    [ "$(whereis eix | wc -w)" -le "1" ] && { printf "%s\n" "The eix is NOT installed" >> /dev/stderr; exit; }
-    [ "$(whereis euscan | wc -w)" -le "1" ] && { echo "The euscan is NOT installed"; exit; }
+    [ "$(whereis euscan | wc -w)" -le "1" ] && { printf "%s\n" "The euscan is NOT installed" >> /dev/stderr; exit; }
     case $1 in
         -h|--help)
             help
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ function main(){
             folder "$2" | tee -a "euscan-$(date -I).log"
             ;;
         *)
-        echo "No found variable"; echo; help
+        printf "%s\n" "No found variable" >> /dev/stderr; printf "\n"; help
     esac
 }
 

src/here-pull-overlays

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export PATH
 
 
 emsg() {
-    echo "$(tput bold)$(tput setaf 6)>>> $(tput setaf 4)$(date +%H:%M:%S)$(tput setaf 7) ${*} $(tput sgr0)"
+    printf "%s\n" "$(tput bold)$(tput setaf 6)>>> $(tput setaf 4)$(date +%H:%M:%S)$(tput setaf 7) ${*} $(tput sgr0)"
 }
 
 edie() {

src/new-ebuild

@@ -74,15 +74,15 @@ main() {
     ebuild="$(basename "$(pwd)")-9999.ebuild"
     if [ ! -f "${ebuild}" ]
     then
-        echo "${ebuild_template}" > "${ebuild}"
+        printf "%s\n" "${ebuild_template}" > "${ebuild}"
     else
-        echo "Already exists: ${ebuild}"
+        printf "%s\n" "Already exists: ${ebuild}" >> /dev/stderr
     fi
     if [ ! -f "metadata.xml" ]
     then
-        echo "${metadata_template}" > "metadata.xml"
+        printf "%s\n" "${metadata_template}" > "metadata.xml"
     else
-        echo "Already exists: metadata.xml"
+        printf "%s\n" "Already exists: metadata.xml" >> /dev/stderr
     fi
 }
 
@@ -91,10 +91,11 @@ if [ -f ../../profiles/repo_name ]
 then
     main
 else
-    echo "Are you in a overlay repo?"
+    printf "%s\n" \
-    echo "To use this script successfully:"
+        "Are you in a overlay repo?" \
-    echo "1. Create a \${CATEGOTY}/\${PN} directory"
+        "To use this script successfully:" \
-    echo "2. Change directory to it"
+        "1. Create a \${CATEGOTY}/\${PN} directory" \
-    echo "3. Execute ${0}"
+        "2. Change directory to it" \
+        "3. Execute ${0}" >> /dev/stderr
     exit 1
 fi

src/pn

@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ trap 'exit 128' INT
 cd "${1:-$(pwd)}" || exit 1
 
 path="$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)"
-echo "${path%/}"
+printf "%s\n" "${path%/}"

src/remove-version-match

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 
 if [ -z "$1" ]; then
-	echo "Must specify a file to modify..."
+	printf "%s\n" "Must specify a file to modify..."
 	exit 1
 fi
 regex='^=?(\S+)(?:-[[:digit:]]+\S*)(\s)(\S+)$'

src/repoman-fullest

@@ -36,12 +36,13 @@ main() {
 case ${1}
 in
     -h | -help | --help )
-        echo "Usage: ${0}"
+        printf "%s\n" \
-        echo "Performed in this script:"
+            "Usage: ${0}" \
-        echo "1. remove Manifest file"
+            "Performed in this script:" \
-        echo "2. regen Manifest with 'repoman manifest'"
+            "1. remove Manifest file" \
-        echo "3. Check with 'repoman -Idx full'"
+            "2. regen Manifest with 'repoman manifest'" \
-        echo "4. Check with 'pkgcheck scan'"
+            "3. Check with 'repoman -Idx full'" \
+            "4. Check with 'pkgcheck scan'"
         ;;
     * )
         main

src/repomanci

@@ -48,12 +48,13 @@ ignored_dirs=(
 # This will likely exit firh error, because repoman
 # has to download some files (metadata.xsd)
 # We do that so we can truthfully test the actual latest commit
-echo ">>> Starting full test"
+printf "%s\n" \
-echo "Running repoman -Idix"
+    ">>> Starting full test" \
+    "Running repoman -Idix"
 repoman -Idix
 
 
-echo ">>> Starting latest commit test"
+printf "%s\n" ">>> Starting latest commit test"
 
 # If any of the QA checks fail the test will fail
 test_success=true
@@ -70,17 +71,16 @@ do
     do
         if [[ "${commit_dir}" = *"${i_dir}"* ]]
         then
-            echo
+            printf "\n%s\n" "Ignoring ${commit_dir}"
-            echo "Ignoring ${commit_dir}"
             continue 2
         fi
     done
 
     if cd "${commit_dir}"
     then
-        echo
+        printf "\n%s\n" \
-        echo "Checking ${commit_dir}"
+        "Checking ${commit_dir}" \
-        echo "Running repoman -Idix"
+        "Running repoman -Idix"
         repoman -Idix || test_success="false"
         cd - >/dev/null || return
     fi
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ done
 
 if [ "${test_success}" = "false" ]
 then
-    echo ">>> Exiting with failure due to previous errors"
+    printf "%s\n" ">>> Exiting with failure due to previous errors" >> /dev/stderr
     exit 1
 else
-    echo ">>> Exiting successfully"
+    printf "%s\n" ">>> Exiting successfully"
     exit 0
 fi

test.sh

@@ -30,16 +30,15 @@ exit_result=0
 run_test() {
     for file in ${2}
     do
-        echo "File ${file}... checking"
+        printf "%s\n" "File ${file}... checking"
         if command "${1}" "${file}"
         then
-            echo "    file is correct"
+            printf "%s\n" "    file is correct"
         else
-            echo "    there were errors found in the file"
+            printf "%s\n" "    there were errors found in the file" >> /dev/stderr
             exit_result=1
         fi
-        echo "Done: ${file}"
+        printf "%s\n\n" "Done: ${file}"
-        echo
     done
 }
 
@@ -52,11 +51,9 @@ run_test pylint "${py_files}"
 
 if [ ${exit_result} = 0 ]
 then
-    echo "No errors reported"
+    printf "%s\n" "No errors reported" "Exiting successfully"
-    echo "Exiting successfully"
     exit ${exit_result}
 else
-    echo "Some errors reported"
+    printf "%s\n" "Some errors reported" "Exiting without success" >> /dev/stderr
-    echo "Exiting without success"
     exit ${exit_result}
 fi